Abstract

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycated albumin (GA) are key biomarkers in the management of diabetes mellitus, each providing unique insights into glycaemic control. HbA1c, the traditional marker, reflects average blood glucose levels over approximately 120 days, making it essential for long-term monitoring. However, its reliability can be compromised by conditions such as anaemia, pregnancy, and chronic kidney disease. Glycated albumin, a newer marker, offers a snapshot of glycaemic fluctuations over a shorter period of 2 to 4 weeks, thus addressing some limitations of HbA1c. Recent advancements in GA measurement methodologies, particularly the Lucica GA-L® assay, have improved its precision and stability. Studies demonstrate GA's usefulness in scenarios where HbA1c may be less reliable, such as in patients with altered red blood cell life spans, during pregnancy, or in chronic kidney disease. GA
also shows promise in monitoring short-term glycaemic changes and treatment responses, offering an advantage in assessing rapid fluctuations in glucose levels. Despite its advantages, GA is not a replacement for HbA1c but rather a complementary tool that can enhance diabetes management. The choice between HbA1c and GA should be guided by individual patient conditions and clinical contexts. Future research is needed to refine GA’s diagnostic criteria, explore its effectiveness in diverse populations, and understand its role in predicting long-term diabetes complications. By integrating both markers into clinical practice, healthcare providers can improve the accuracy of glycaemic monitoring and optimize patient care.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, glycated haemoglobin, glycated albumin, sub-Saharan Africa