2. Jedy-Agba E, Curado MP, Ogunbiyi O, et al. Cancer incidence in Nigeria: A report from population-based cancer registries. Cancer Epidemiol. 2012;36(5):e271-e278. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2012.04.007
3. Omenai SA, Ajani MA, Okolo CA. Histopathological characteristics of carcinoma of the uterine cervix in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria. Sahel Med J. 2020;23(3). doi:10.4103/smj.smj_60_19
4. Ago BU, Agan UT, Ekanem IE. Cancer of the Uterine Cervix at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar Nigeria. Cancer Res J. 2013;1(4):37-40. doi:10.11648/j.crj.20130104.12
5. Eriba LO, Abdus-Salam RA, Dawotola DA. Histolopathological patterns of cervical carcinoma seen at a radiotherapy centre in Ibadan, Nigeria. Nig Q J Hosp Med. 2013;23(2):125-128.
6. Singh D, Vignat J, Lorenzoni V, et al. Global estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2020: a baseline analysis of the WHO Global Cervical Cancer Elimination Initiative. Lancet Glob Heal. 2023;11(2):e197-e206. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00501-0
7. O OM, U KA, T AJ. Cancer of the cervix and cervical screening: Current knowledge, attitude and practices of female health workers in Sokoto, Nigeria. Int J Med Med Sci. 2013;5(4):184-190. doi:10.5897/IJMMS2013.0886
8. Okunowo A, Smith-Okonu S. Cervical cancer screening among urban Women in Lagos, Nigeria: Focus on barriers and motivators for screening. Niger J Gen Pract. 2020;18(1):10. doi:10.4103/njgp.njgp_6_19
9. Omenai SA, Ajani MA. The interplay between programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes in cervical carcinomas: findings of a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. Pan Afr Med J. 2024;48. doi:10.11604/pamj.2024.48.90.42773
10. Ezechi O, Akinsolu F, Salako A, et al. High-risk human papillomavirus infection among Nigerian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Med Res. 2023;51(7). doi:10.1177/03000605231182884
11. Eilu E, Akinola A. Prevalence of high-risk HPV types in women with cervical cancer in Eastern Uganda. Biomed Clin Sci June. 2021;6(June):45-56.
12. Ugwu EO, Obi SN, Ezechukwu PC, Okafor II, Ugwu AO. Acceptability of human papilloma virus vaccine and cervical cancer screening among female health-care workers in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract. 2013;16(2):249-252. doi:10.4103/1119-3077.110141
13. Long B, Liu FW, Bristow RE. Disparities in uterine cancer epidemiology, treatment, and survival among African Americans in the United States. Gynecol Oncol. 2013;130(3):652-659. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.05.020
14. Sule S, Shehu M. Cervical cancer management in Zaria, Nigeria. Afr J Health Sci. 2008;14(3). doi:10.4314/ajhs.v14i3.30811
15. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):359-386. doi:10.1002/ijc.29210
16. Ikechebelu JI, Onyiaorah I V, Ugboaja JO, Anyiam DCD, Eleje GU. Clinicopathological analysis of cervical cancer seen in a tertiary health facility in Nnewi, south-east Nigeria. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;30(3):299-301. doi:10.3109/01443610903531394
17. Musa J, Nankat J, Achenbach CJ, et al. Cervical cancer survival in a resource-limited setting-North Central Nigeria. Infect Agent Cancer. 2016;11(1):15. doi:10.1186/s13027-016-0062-0
18. A.Y. Isah, J.A. Adaji GOA, Oluwole OP. Papanicolaou Smear in Abuja Revisited. Afrimedic. 2014;5(1):38-39.
19. Balogun MR, Odukoya OO, Oyediran M a, Ujomu PI. Cervical cancer awareness and preventive practices: a challenge for female urban slum dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria. Afr J Reprod Health. 2012;16(March):75-82.
20. Bray F, Colombet M, Mery L, et al. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Vol. XI (electronic version) Lyon: Int Agency Res Cancer. 2017.
21. Anorlu RI. Cervical cancer: the sub-Saharan African perspective. Reprod Health Matters. 2008;16(32):41-49. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(08)32415-X
22. Onyenwenyi AOC, Gugu GM. Strategies for the Prevention and Control of Cervical Cancer in Rural Communities: A Nigerian Perspective. J Community Med Prim Heal Care. 2019;28(2):77-93.
23. Muñoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S, et al. Epidemiologic Classification of Human Papillomavirus Types Associated with Cervical Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(6):518-527. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa021641
24. Airede LR, Onakewhor JUE, Aziken ME, Ande ABA, Aligbe JU. Carcinoma of the uterine cervix in nigerian women: The need to adopt a national prevention strategy: . Sahel Med J. 2008;11(1).
25. Iliyasu Z, Abubakar IS, Aliyu MH, Galadanci HS. Cervical cancer risk perception and predictors of human papilloma virus vaccine acceptance among female university students in northern Nigeria. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;30(8):857-862. doi:10.3109/01443615.2010.511724
26. Ahmed SA, Sabitu K, Idris SH, Ahmed R. Knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening among market women in Zaria, Nigeria. Niger Med J. 2013;54(5):316-319. doi:10.4103/0300-1652.122337
27. Omotara BA, Yahya SJ, Amodu MO, Bimba JS. Assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practice of rural women of northeast Nigeria on risk factors associated with cancer of the Cervix. Health (Irvine Calif). 2013;05(09):1367-1371. doi:10.4236/health.2013.59186
28. Adewuyi SA, Shittu SO, Rafindadi AH. Sociodemographic and clinicopathologic characterization of cervical cancers in northern Nigeria. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2008;29(1):61-64.
29. Obi SN, Ozumba BC. Cervical cancer: Socioeconomic implications of management in a developing nation. J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 2008;28(5):526-528. doi:10.1080/01443610802273507
30. Onwuamah CK, Feng N, Momoh AE, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women from three southern geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Front Oncol. 2023;13(October):1-10. doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1254304
31. Uzoma OI. Cervical Cancer Screening An Essential Component In Reducing The High Incidence Of Cervical Cancer In Nigeria . A Review Of The Current State Affairs. Int J Innov Res Adv Stud. 2016;3(2).
32. Ndikom CM, Ofi BA. Awareness, perception and factors affecting utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women in Ibadan, Nigeria: a qualitative study. Reprod Health. 2012;9:11. doi:10.1186/1742-4755-9-11
33. Rabiu KA, Akinbami AA, Adewunmi AA, Akinola OI, Wright KO. The need to incorporate routine cervical cancer counselling and screening in the management of HIV positive women in Nigeria. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(5):1211-1214.
34. Ogunsola OO, Ajayi OA, Ojo TO, et al. Cervical cancer screening and treatment for PLWHIV: experiences from an innovative program in Nigeria. Reprod Health. 2023;20(1):125. doi:10.1186/s12978-023-01658-0
35. Ogwunga CC, Anyadoh-Nwadike SO, Ahumibe NC, Nwakwasi EU. Knowledge and Attitude of Female Students of Tertiary Institutions in Imo State, Nigeria Towards Cervical Cancer and Its Screening. J Community Health. 2021;46(3):509-514. doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00892-y
36. Eze J, Umeora O, Obuna J, Egwuatu V, Ejikeme B. Cervical cancer awareness and cervical screening uptake at the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Afikpo, Southeast Nigeria. Ann Afr Med. 2012;11(4):238. doi:10.4103/1596-3519.102856
37. Akinola O, Aimakhu C, Ezechi O, Fasubaa O. Society of obstetrics and gynecology of Nigeria – Clinical practice guidelines: Guidelines for the prevention of cervical cancer. Trop J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;35(3):371. doi:10.4103/TJOG.TJOG_88_18
38. Adewole IF, Abauleth YR, Adoubi I, et al. Consensus recommendations for the prevention of cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. South African J Gynaecol Oncol. 2013;5(2):47-57. doi:10.1080/20742835.2013.11441209
39. Nguyen NY, Okeke E, Anglemyer A, Brock T. Identifying Perceived Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination as a Preventative Strategy for Cervical Cancer in Nigeria. Ann Glob Heal. 2020;86(1):118. doi:10.5334/aogh.2890
40. Stefan DC, Elzawawy AM, Khaled HM, et al. Developing cancer control plans in Africa: examples from five countries. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(4):e189-e195. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70100-1
41. Finocchario-Kessler S, Wexler C, Maloba M, Mabachi N, Ndikum-Moffor F, Bukusi E. Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective. BMC Womens Health. 2016;16(1):29. doi:10.1186/s12905-016-0306-6
42. Health NFM of. National Strategic Health Development Plan (NSHDP) 2010-2015. Federal Ministry of Health; 2010.
43. Adetokunbo AO, Kehinde FO, Oluwaseun O-AO. The understanding and perception of service providers about the community-based cervical screening in Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Public Heal. 2013;6(6).
44. Health NFM of. National Reproductive Health Policy and Strategy: To Achieve Quality Reproductive and Sexual Health for All Nigerians. Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria; 2001.
45. Nwankwo TO, Umeh UA, Aniebue UU, Onu JU, Umeh CR. Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in improving operative intervention in the management of cervical cancer in low resource setting: A preliminary report. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;36(210):1-6. doi:10.11604/pamj.2020.36.210.24141
46. Leng J, Ntekim AI, Ibraheem A, Anakwenze CP, Golden DW, Olopade OI. Infrastructural Challenges Lead to Delay of Curative Radiotherapy in Nigeria. JCO Glob Oncol. 2020;(6):269-276. doi:10.1200/JGO.19.00286
47. Sharma A, Alatise OI, O’Connell K, et al. Healthcare utilisation, cancer screening and potential barriers to accessing cancer care in rural South West Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(7):e040352. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040352
48. Burt LM, McCormak M, Lecuru F, et al. Cervix Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Assessment of Cervical Cancer Management. JCO Glob Oncol. 2021;(7):173-182. doi:10.1200/GO.20.00079
49. Lawson O, Ameyan L, Tukur Z, et al. Cervical cancer screening outcomes in public health facilities in three states in Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1688. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16539-1
50. Ishola F, Omole O. A vision for improved cancer screening in Nigeria. Lancet Glob Heal. 2016;4(6):e359-e360. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30062-6
- Abstract viewed - 223 times
- PDF downloaded - 135 times
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright
© SA Omenai, OH Egbo, 2024
Affiliations
SA Omenai
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Edo State University, Uzairue
OH Egbo
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Edo State University, Uzairue
How to Cite
A Review of Current Trends and Challenges in Cervical Cancer Prevention and Management in Nigeria
Vol 10 No 2 (2024): Volume 10 Number 2
Submitted: Aug 9, 2024
Published: Aug 9, 2024
Abstract
Uterine cervical carcinoma is a serious public health problem in Nigeria because of the high incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer amongst her female population. This article outlines a
comprehensive call to action to address cervical cancer through coordinated efforts involving government, healthcare providers, communities, and international partners. Key strategies include
developing and implementing national policies, ensuring sustainable funding, expanding access to screening and HPV vaccination, enhancing public awareness, and strengthening healthcare
infrastructure. Integrating cervical cancer services with HIV programs, promoting research, fostering public-private partnerships, and addressing socio-cultural barriers are also crucial. Cervical cancer
prevention in Nigeria faces significant challenges, including limited screening programs, low HPV vaccination uptake, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. Socioeconomic factors, cultural and social
barriers, and policy and implementation gaps further exacerbate the situation, alongside the high prevalence of HIV co-infection and insufficient public awareness and education. Promoting cervical
cancer control and treatment can significantly reduce its impact and improve women's health outcomes in Nigeria. This call to action emphasizes the urgent need for a collaborative approach to create a future where every Nigerian woman can access the care and support necessary to lead a healthy, cancer-free life.
Keywords: Cervical carcinoma; Nigeria; Human papilloma virus; Oncology; Health policy